Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusimama kube yinto ebalulekile kubathengi kanye nezimboni ngokufanayo. Njengoba ukukhathazeka okukhula ngokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, izikhwama ze-polyethylene (PE) ziye zahlolwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi izikhwama ze-PE zinobungani nemvelo, umthelela wazo emvelweni, nokuthi zingabhekwa yini njengokukhetha okusimeme.
Iyini isikhwama se-PE?
Izikhwama ze-PE zenziwe nge-polyethylene, ipulasitiki esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Zaziwa ngokuqina kwazo, ukuguquguquka kwazo, kanye nokumelana nomswakama, okwenza zithandeke ekupakisheni, ekuthengeni nasekugcineni. Izikhwama ze-PE ziza ngezindlela ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi izikhwama ze-ziplock, izikhwama zokudla, kanye nezinto zokupakisha, futhi ziyathandwa ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi kanye nokulula kwazo.
Umthelela Wezikhwama Ze-PE Kwezemvelo
Umthelela wezikhwama ze-PE emvelweni uqala ngokukhiqizwa kwazo. I-Polyethylene itholakala kumafutha angasetshenziswa kabusha, ikakhulukazi uwoyela ongahluziwe noma igesi yemvelo. Inqubo yokukhiqiza idla amandla amakhulu futhi iholela ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni, okubangela ukufudumala komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, izikhwama ze-PE zilula futhi zidinga izinto ezincane kunezinye izindlela eziningi, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo emikhulu, esindayo njengezikhwama zephepha noma izikhwama zendwangu ezingasetshenziswa kabusha.
Izinga Lokubola kanye Nomthelela Wesistimu Yezinto Eziphilayo
Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo ngezikhwama ze-PE ukuthi zihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani endaweni ezungezile. Izikhwama ze-PE aziboli ngokushesha; ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, zingathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga nomoya-mpilo. Ezindaweni zemvelo, njengezilwandle namahlathi, zingaqhekeka zibe yi-microplastic, zibe usongo ezilwaneni zasendle ezingase zidle noma zibambeke ezintweni. Lokhu konakala kancane kunomthelela ekungcolisweni kwepulasitiki, okuyinkinga enkulu yemvelo.
Ukuphinde Kusetshenziswe Izikhwama Ze-PE
Izikhwama ze-PE ziyaphinde zisetshenziswe, kodwa izinga lokusebenzisa kabusha liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinto. Izinhlelo eziningi zokusebenzisa kabusha eceleni komgwaqo azizamukeli izikhwama ze-PE ngenxa yokuthambekela kwazo kokuvimba imishini yokuhlunga. Kodwa-ke, izitolo eziningi nezikhungo ezikhethekile zokusebenzisa kabusha zamukela lezi zikhwama ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe, lapho zingaphinde zisetshenziswe khona zibe imikhiqizo emisha yepulasitiki efana nokhuni oluhlanganisiwe noma izikhwama ezintsha. Ukwanda kolwazi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokusebenzisa kabusha kunganciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wemvelo wezikhwama ze-PE.
Izikhwama ze-PE ziqhathaniswa kanjani nezinye izikhwama?
Uma kuqhathaniswa umthelela wemvelo wezikhwama ze-PE nezinye izindlela ezifana nephepha noma ezinye izinhlobo zepulasitiki, imiphumela iyaxutshwa. Izikhwama zephepha, nakuba zibola, zidinga amandla engeziwe namanzi ukuze zikhiqizwe. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izikhwama zephepha zine-carbon footprint ephezulu ngenxa yezinsiza ezidingekayo ekulimeni izihlahla, ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izikhwama zepulasitiki eziphinde zisetshenziswe kakhulu (ngokuvamile ezenziwe nge-polypropylene) kanye nezikhwama zendwangu zidinga ukusetshenziswa okuningi ukuze kulungiswe imiphumela yazo ephezulu yokukhiqiza. Izikhwama ze-PE, naphezu kobubi bazo, zine-footprint encane yokuqala kodwa azinawo umthelela omuhle emvelweni uma zigcina zisendaweni ezungezile esikhundleni sokusetshenziswa kabusha.
Ucwaningo kanye nezibalo
Ucwaningo lwango-2018 olwenziwe yi-Denmark Ministry of Environment and Food luqhathanise ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhwama zokuthenga. Luthole ukuthi izikhwama ze-PE zinomthelela ophansi kakhulu kwezemvelo maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa lapho zisetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi eziningi noma ziphinde zasetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo luphinde lwaqokomisa ukubaluleka kokulahlwa okufanele ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokungcola. Lolu lwazi luphakamisa ukuthi yize izikhwama ze-PE zingenazo ngokuphelele izindleko zemvelo, zingaba inketho eqhubekayo kunezinye izindlela ezimweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi lapho ziphinde zasetshenziswa.
Isiphetho
Izikhwama ze-PE, njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wepulasitiki, zinezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwemvelo. Izindleko zazo zokukhiqiza eziphansi, ukuphinde zisetshenziswe, kanye nokuguquguquka kwazo kuzenza zibe usizo, kodwa isikhathi sazo eside sokubola kanye negalelo elingaba khona ekungcolisweni kwepulasitiki kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezikhathazayo. Ngokwandisa amazinga okusebenzisa kabusha, ukukhuthaza ukulahla ngokwethembeka, nokukhetha ezinye izindlela ezinobungani nemvelo lapho kungenzeka khona, abathengi bangasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wezikhwama ze-PE emvelweni. Njenganoma iyiphi into, isihluthulelo sokuzinza sisekuqondeni umjikelezo wokuphila ogcwele nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomthelela wepulasitiki emvelweni kanye nendlela yokunciphisa imfucuza yepulasitiki, cabanga ngokufunda izinsiza ezivela ku-I-Ejensi Yokuvikela Imvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-24-2024
